ODBC data access comprises the following, four components:
Table of ContentsStandard ODBC Architecture
MacOS is based on the FreeBSD operating system, and you can normally use the MySQL network port for connecting to MySQL servers on other hosts. Installing the Connector/ODBC driver lets you connect to MySQL databases on any platform through the ODBC interface. Actual Technologies also makes a commercial ODBC driver for MySQL for Mac OS X that works with FileMaker Pro 6 or later. It has an installer, a DSN setup assistant, on-line help, and connection diagnostic tool. Instructions for configuring FMP to work with the driver can be found in the FAQ. A free, non-expiring evaluation version is available. We develop affordable, easy to use ODBC drivers for Mac OS, connecting Excel and FileMaker to Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Access, Sybase, MySQL and PostgreSQL.
Application
Most end users use ODBC-compliant applications to access their data stores.ODBC-compliant applications are executables, which issue ODBC API calls.These API calls are implemented by ODBC drivers that are customized for use with the data store. These calls enable the application to connect to the data store and query the data store via the ODBC driver.
Driver Manager
The driver manager is a library, which manages communications between applications and ODBC drivers. It responds to all ODBC connection requests made by applications, and it loads the ODBC drivers that are associated with the requests. Once the drivers are loaded, the driver manager translates applications' function calls into the corresponding ODBC API calls, and it issues these calls to the drivers. When the applications complete their requests, the driver manager terminates the connections and unloads the drivers.
Users may encounter the following driver managers on Mac client systems:
ODBC Drivers
ODBC drivers are libraries. These libraries implement ODBC API functions, which enable applications to speak to databases. Typically, applications are linked against driver managers, which load the appropriate driver libraries. However, applications may be linked directly to drivers. In this instance, driver libraries perform driver manager library functions.
Data sources
The term data source has two, distinct meanings. First, data source refers to the actual flat files, spreadsheets, or database management systems, which store data. Second, data source refers to the collection of parameters that applications use to establish connections to data stores.This data source passes a driver name, database name, server hostname, and other parameters, which are necessary to identify a database or similar storage entity.
ODBC Driver Architecture with Driver Manager
Figure 1-1 illustrates the default architecture for ODBC connectivity. The default architecture employs both a driver manager and ODBC drivers.
ODBC Driver Architecture without Driver Manager
Figure 1-2 illustrates ODBC connectivity without a driver manager component. ODBC connectivity is possible, in the absence of a driver manager, if the client application is linked directly to the ODBC driver.In some instances, a symbolic link is created, which uses a driver manager library name to point to an ODBC driver library.
OpenLink ODBC Driver Architecture
OpenLink Software provides two ODBC driver formats. Use of these drivers requires knowledge of the following items:
Environment Variables
Environment variables pass the locations of files and directories, which the operating system or applications need to accomplish tasks. Users do not need to set environment variables on Mac Classic and Mac OS X operating systems. Users do need to set environment variables on Darwin.
The following table lists environment variables, which must be set on Darwin clients.
Setting Environment Variables on Darwin
OpenLink's Darwin installers create openlink.sh and openlink.csh files in the root of the installation. These files contain all the environment variables, which need to be set for OpenLink client connectivity. Users must execute these files in the appropriate shell. C shell users may execute openlink.csh. Bash and Bourne shell users may execute openlink.sh.Users with different shells are encouraged to switch to C, Bash, or Bourne before executing the files.
Expert users may set and export the appropriate variables using the Darwin command line. For example:
Users may also add the variables to their .profiles to insure that the variables are set at login to their client systems.
Client Libraries
OpenLink's drivers and iODBC driver manager are library files. Users will encounter a variety of library file formats and installation locals on different, client operating systems.
The following table holds a list of common Darwin libraries. Each of these files appears in the
/lib sub-directory of the OpenLink client installation. Click here to see a complete list of OpenLink libraries by platform.
Header Files
OpenLink Software provides a separate iODBC SDK product installer for Mac Classic and Mac OS X platforms. These installers contain the
sql.h , sqlext.h , and sqltypes.h header files. Developers may use these files to build ODBC-compliant applications.
Configuration Files
OpenLink's Darwin-based Single-Tier drivers use the
openlink.ini file to obtain database-specific environment variable settings. The openlink.ini file resides in the /bin sub-directory of Single-Tier client installations.
OpenLink's Multi-Tier brokers read the
oplrqb.ini file to resolve ODBC connection requests and to enforce OpenLink's sophisticated, rule-based security. The oplrqb.ini file resides in the /bin sub-directory of OpenLink's server components installations.
Administrative Assistants
OpenLink Software produces two, graphical Administrative Assistants. The Multi-Tier Administrative Assistant is a web-based GUI, which allows users to configure all aspects of Multi-Tier connectivity. This assistant allows users to create Multi-Tier data source names, configure Multi-Tier Server components, configure rules-based security, and debug ODBC connectivity problems.
OpenLink Software also produces the independent, HTTP-based iODBC Data Sources Administrator. This web-based GUI enables users to create and administer OpenLink and non-OpenLink ODBC data source names using one, user-friendly interface.
Server Components
OpenLink's Multi-Tier drivers implement a client/server connectivity model.The Multi-Tier client comprises a driver manager and client-side ODBC driver. The Multi-Tier server component comprises a request broker and one or more database agents.
The request broker is a generic, listening process. It responds to ODBC requests made by the Multi-Tier client driver. The broker reviews these requests and spawns the appropriate database agent. The database agent is the only portion of the Multi-Tier product portfolio that is written to a specific CLI. Specifically, the database agent speaks the CLI of the database to which it is meant to connect. Hence, the agent is able to submit the SQL request to the database, retrieve its results, and convey those results to the client application.
Configuring OpenLink Data Source Names
Users must create ODBC data source names to establish connectivity between client applications and SQL data stores. ODBC data source names are collections of parameters, which enable the OpenLink driver to identify and connect to the data store. There are several means, which users may employ to create ODBC data source names.
Configuring Darwin Data Source Names
There are three methods, which users may employ to configure Darwin data source names. Expert users may configure the
odbc.ini file using vi or a similar text editor. Novice users may use the HTTP-Based iODBC Data Sources Administrator, or they may use the Multi-Tier Administrative Assistant.
The odbc.ini File
The odbc.ini file appears in the /bin sub-directory of the OpenLink client installation. Users may open this file with vi or a similar text editor.The following table describes sections, which users will encounter in odbc.ini.
ODBC Data Sources
The ODBC Data Sources section lists the names of the individual data sources and pairs the names with the appropriate ODBC client driver. These data sources names are associated with formal data source specifications, which appear later in the file.
Here is the ODBC Data Sources format:
Here is a sample ODBC Data Sources section with data source names:
Data Source Specification
Each [ODBC Data Sources] data source name has a corresponding data source specification. The data source specification lists parameters, which are necessary to establish the ODBC connection. Here is the OpenLink data source specification format:
Here is a sample data source specification:
The following table explains the parameters that appear in the data source specification sections.
The following table explains additional values, which may be added to Multi-Tier data source name specifications.
OpenLink produces the HTTP-Based iODBC Data Sources Administrator for Darwin and other platforms. This Web-based administrator is a stand-alone GUI interface to the iODBC driver manager. It is similar to the Microsoft ODBC Data Sources Administrator, and it allows users to create OpenLink and non-OpenLink data source names.
Use the following instructions to create data source names with the iODBC Data Sources Administrator.
The Multi-Tier Administrative Assistant
OpenLink produces the Multi-Tier Administrative Assistant for all server operating systems, which it supports. This Web-based assistant is powered by OpenLink's server components, and it provides utilities to configure these components. However, the assistant also provides a GUI interface to the iODBC driver manager. This interface is similar to the Microsoft ODBC Data Sources Administrator, and it allows users to create OpenLink data source names.
Use the following instructions to create data source names with the Multi-Tier Administrative Assistant.
Figure 1-5 describes Multi-Tier parameters and options
Configuring Mac Classic Data Source Names
OpenLink Software provides Multi-Tier client software for the Mac Classic operating system. The following instructions will enable users to create Multi-Tier data source names on Mac Classic.
Configuring Mac OS X Data Source Names
There are two methods, which users may employ to configure Mac OS X data source names. Expert users may configure the ODBC.preference file with TextEdit or a similar text editor. Novice users may use an Aqua GUI ODBC Administrator.
The ODBC.preference file appears in the /Library/Preferences directory.Users may open this file with TextEdit or a similar text editor. The following table describes sections, which users will encounter in ODBC.preference.
ODBC Data Sources
The ODBC Data Sources section lists the names of the individual data sources and pairs the names with the appropriate ODBC client driver. These data sources names are associated with formal data source specifications, which appear later in the file.
Here is the ODBC Data Sources format:
Here is a sample ODBC Data Sources section with data source names:
Data Source Specification
Each [ODBC Data Sources] data source name has a corresponding data source specification. The data source specification lists parameters, which are necessary to establish the ODBC connection. Here is the OpenLink Multi-Tier data source specification format:
Here is a sample, Multi-Tier data source specification:
The following table explains the parameters that appear in the Multi-Tier data source specification sections.
All OpenLink Single-Tier drivers recognize a common subset of specifications parameters. Individual Single-Tier drivers recognize an additional set of parameters, which are specialized for the database to which they connect.
Here is a representative Single-Tier data source specification format:
Here is a sample, Single-Tier data source specification:
The following table explains the parameters, which all Single-Tier drivers recognize.
MS SQL Server Single-Tier drivers recognize these specialized parameters.
MySQL Single-Tier drivers recognize these specialized parameters.
Oracle Single-Tier drivers recognize these specialized parameters.Driver Odbc Mysql Mac Os X Lion
PostgreSQL Single-Tier drivers recognize these specialized parameters.
Aqua GUI ODBC Administrators
Users may encounter one of three, Aqua GUI ODBC administrators on Mac OS X.Users may encounter the ODBC Administrator, the iODBC Administrator, or Data Direct's ODBC Configure. Different driver managers are installed by different OpenLink install bundles and client applications.
The ODBC Administrator ships with Apple's Jaguar installers. Users will find the ODBC Administrator's icon in their /Applications/Utilities folder.This administrator is an Apple-native interface to the iODBC dylibs driver manager. Apple dylibs are dynamic shared libraries. One copy of a .dylib or dynamic library may be shared by multiple applications simultaneously.These libraries are similar in theory to Unix dynamic libraries. However, their use and implementation are different.
The iODBC Administrator ships with OpenLink Software's driver installers.Users will find the iODBC Administrator's icon in their /Applications folder. This administrator is an OpenLink-native interface to the iODBC frameworks driver manager. Apple frameworks are special bundles or packages, which contain dynamic shared libraries, header files, documentation, and other resources that are necessary to use the library.
The ODBC Configure administrator ships with Filemaker 6. Users will find the ODBC Configure icon in /Applications/Data Direct ODBC Folder. This administrator is a Data Direct-native interface to the Data Direct's Carbon-based, CFM driver manager. Carbon is an older, Mac OS application environment and API, which Apple modified for use with Mac OS X operating systems. The CFM driver manager is based on Apple's CFM technology. CFM is an abbreviation for Code Fragment Manager. The Code Fragment Manager loads code fragments (libraries, applications, code, etc.) and prepares them for execution.
The following instructions will enable users to create OpenLink data sources using any ODBC administrator.
Figure 1-7 describes Multi-Tier parameters and options*
*Note:* The optional Server parameter name changes to reflect the database to which you are trying to connect. For instance, the setup routine will replace Server with Net 8 Service Name, if you choose an Oracle domain.
Figure 1-8 describes common Single-Tier parameters and options
*Figure 1-8 - Common Single-Tier Parameters & Options*
Figure 1-9 describes additional, database specific Single-Tier parameters and options.
Developing ODBC Compliant Applications
OpenLink Software's Software Development Kits (SDK's) provide powerful tools for Apple applications developers. While Apple SDK's provide only the dylibs format driver manager, OpenLink's SDK's provide both the dylibs and frameworks format driver managers. This distinction is critical. The frameworks format driver manager provides the applications developer with versatility that is not available with dylibs.
Frameworks bundles contain multiple revisions of the iODBC driver manager.Moreover, the driver manager library name points to the latest revision of the component. Therefore, developers do not need to set environment variables to point to the appropriate file. However, applications developers can choose to instantiate legacy revisions. In other words, developers can hard link applications to older driver managers to access functionality that is not present in recent revisions.
Finally, OpenLink's SDK's enable developers to build Classic, Carbon, and Cocoa native applications. Furthermore, OpenLink's SDK's assist developers who need to migrate applications from the Classic API to Carbon. And, OpenLink aids developers who need to compile applications, which run on both Classic and Mac OS X. To proceed, developers simply link their applications against OpenLink's iODBC libraries. The resulting binary issues calls to the iODBC CFM Bridge. This bridge ships with OpenLink's iODBC bundles, and it exists in Classic and OS X formats. It identifies the correct driver manager format, which to load.
OpenLink Driver Objectives
OpenLink Software's ODBC data access technologies simplify client and server computing. These technologies are based on the principle of interoperability. This principle dictates that one client application can access diverse, back-end database management systems, without knowledge of proprietary database protocols. Thereby, this powerful technology allows application developers to develop, compile, and ship applications, which speak to any, ODBC-compliant data source. The application developer does not need to cater to any specific vendor's DBMS. Moreover, application developers do not need to attend to any specific client/server architecture. The application and DBMS may reside on one or more machines.These machines may comprise similar or dissimilar operating systems and hardware.
OpenLink Software's ODBC data access technologies meet their objectives, because they are based on Microsoft's ODBC specification. The specification defines the ability to:
OpenLink Driver Features
OpenLink's Single-Tier and Multi-Tier Data Access Drivers provide ODBC 1.x-3.x compliance. The two driver formats also provide the following features:
Single-Tier Drivers
Driver Odbc Mysql Mac Os X High Sierra DownloadMulti-Tier DriversDriver Odbc Mysql Mac Os X Download
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